Secondary Storage

File Compression

In computer science and information theory, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits (or other information-bearing units) than an unencoded representation would use, through use of specific encoding schemes. Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwidth.

Head Crash

A head crash is a hard-disk failure that occurs when a read–write head of a hard disk drive comes in contact with its rotating platter, resulting in permanent and usually fatal damage to the magnetic media on the platter surface.

Internet Hard Drive

The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files (pictures, documents, music, videos, etc.) from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. Similar to depositing money into your bank account, and later withdrawing that same money from any ATM machine, an Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.

Optical Disc Drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

Solid-state Storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity, nonvolatile memory. Examples include flash memory Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices and various proprietary removable packages intended to replace external hard drives.

Input and output

Ergonomic Keyboard

It is a keyboard with ergonomic consideration to minimize the muscle strain and a host of related problems.

Ink-jet Printer

An ink-jet printer is a type of printer that creates a digital image by propelling variable-sized droplet of ink onto the paper. Most people prefer ink-jet printer and a very large range from inexpensive consumer model to very large professional machine.

Laser Printer

Laser printer is a common type of printer that print rapidly produces high quality text and graphic on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor

Magnetic-ink character reader (MICR)

The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off of printed documents. Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.
MICR characters are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide. As a machine decodes the MICR text, it first magnetizes the characters in the plane of the paper. Then the characters are passed over a MICR read head, a device similar to the playback head of a tape recorder. As each character passes over the head it produces a unique waveform that can be easily identified by the system.

Optical-character recognition (OCR)

The mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerize a record-keeping system in an office, or to publish the text on a website. OCR makes it possible to edit the text, search for a word or phrase, store it more compactly, display or print a copy free of scanning artifacts, and apply techniques such as machine translation, text-to-speech and text mining to it.

Optical-mark Recognition (OMR)

The process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.

The system Unit

Flash Memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.

Graphic Cards

A graphics card or also video card is a piece of hardware installed in a computer that is responsible for rendering the image on the computer’s monitor or display screen. Graphics cards come in many varieties with varying features

Sound Cards

A sound card or also known as an audio card is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A network interface controller is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. The controller may also be referred to as a network adapter

Plug n Play

In the world of computing, 'plug and play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a universal serial bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts. Plug and play refers to both the boot-time assignment of device resources, and to hotplug systems such as USB and Firewire.

Bus line

Device on a computer's motherboard that provides a data path between the CPU and attached devices such as keyboard, mouse, disk drives, video cards, etc.

HDMI

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a compact audio and video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data.

Cache Memory

Cache (pronounced cash) memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computer’s central processing unit (CPU), or located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs, improving overall system speed. The advantage of cache memory is that the CPU does not have to use the motherboard’s system bus for data transfer.